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Continuous passive motion (CPM) is one of the primary methods for decreasing the deleterious effects of immobilization and can deliver orthopedic, neurological, and even circulatory benefits to the patient. Immobilization, in turn, can create deleterious sequelae of physiological and functional impairments.
CPM is used following various types of reconstructive joint surgery such as knee replacement and ACL reconstruction. Its mechanisms of action for aiding joint recovery are dependent upon what surgery is performed. One mechanism is the movement of synovial fluid to allow for better diffusion of nutrients into damaged cartilage (which would be unimportant in the event of joint replacement), and diffusion of other materials out; such as blood and metabolic waste products. Another mechanism is the prevention of fibrous scar tissue formation in the joint, which tends to decrease the range of motion for a joint.
The use of CPM
Applied postoperatively, this device may be used on an inpatient or an outpatient basis. By using a motorized device to very gradually move the joint, it is possible to significantly accelerate recovery time by decreasing soft tissue stiffness, increasing range of motion, promoting healing of joint surfaces and soft tissue, and preventing the development of motion-limiting adhesions (scar tissue). Interestingly, this is accomplished without patient effort (passively) as the machine moves ajoint through a defined (prescribed) range of motion for an extended period of time. Even more surprisingly, studies have shown that patients using CPM devices require less pain medication then patients who have had the same type of surgery and are notusing this device.
Within 24 hours of surgery your doctor can initiate the CPM machine.The machine will be used on your new knee at least 4 hours during the day and all night. You will continue this program when you go home.
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